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The current anthropological study aimed at monitoring the role of practicing Majzoob in the popular traditional Haḍraamid the pandemics through “the existent representations in the urban sphere of the Ancient Palace of Ouargla”. Hence, the study got into the general structure of Haḍra. It looked into its basic components, practices, and the adopted mechanisms in facing the current pandemics. It also investigated the way it contributed to achieve adaptation, to that end, ethnographic approach was adopted. Data were obtained using instruments such as participants observation, in-depth interviews, and informants. The sample of participants have included the leaders of Haḍra, and those who rebelled against it. The pandemic crisis in Ouargla area has demonstrated its role in reliving of beliefs and practices with which superstition, magic, Jinns, and spell recitation have been mingledin order to enhance its permanent legitimacy and the ability hereof to adapt in different contexts and environments. Keywords: Practicing Majzoob; Popular Traditional Haḍra; Pandemics.

The study aimed to measuring impact of real, financial and monetary variables on inflation in Sudan within the period 1990-2020, to achieve this goal a standard model for the relationship between the variables of the study was formulated and constructed. The data of this study was collected from Central bank of Sudan and Ministry of Finance reports. The study adopts the descriptive method coupled with econometrics tools to reach its goal and achieve its hypothesis, also study used the method of co-integration, Error Correction model (ECM) and Augment-Dickey-fuller (ADF) test to estimate the relationship between variables of the study. The results show that there is a correlation between the variables. The study main findings indicated the existence of a statistically negative relationship between GDP and inflation, and negative relationship between exchange rate and inflation, and negative relationship between exports and inflation, and positive relationship between monetary supply and inflation, and positive relationship between government expenditure. The study findings out that increase exchange rate with 1% that leads to a decrease in inflation rates by 1.6%. The study recommends a deflation financial and monetary policies, increase of production particularly the agricultural sector product, monitor the mining and export of gold. Keywords: Autoregressive model, Financial and Monetary variables, Inflation, Measurement.

Scientific research in the field of humanities and social sciences and Islamic studies is considered one of the most important research fields that should be supported and encouraged, due to its pioneering and distinguished role in the progress and development of societies, and the achievement of human development and hence sustainable development. Therefore, activating the research process of these sciences has become a scientific, social and civilizational necessity, giving priority to them, and not keeping their topics and research concerns in place, but rather activating them through studies from theory to practice and between reality and future foresight. The success of these sciences and studies and the field of their application requires defining their cultural and developmental importance and placing them in the required cognitive, cultural and civilizational context and the field of sustainable development and touching an evolving reality. The study followed the descriptive approach by examining the previous studies that supported the study Keywords: scientific research priorities - humanities and social sciences and Islamic studies, foreseeing the future - scientific outputs.

Okul öncesi dönemdeki çocukların öz-düzenleme becerileri ve akademik yeterlikleri topluma uyum sağlamalarında önemli yere sahiptir. Ancak sosyoekonomik açıdan risk altında olan çocuklar gelişimlerinin desteklenmesinde yeterli kaynaklara sahip olmadıkları için öz-düzenleme, akademik yeterlik ve erken okuryazarlık becerilerinde farklılık olabilmektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada, 60-72 aylık çocukların, sosyoekonomik açıdan risk altında olmalarının öz-düzenleme becerileri, erken akademik yeterlik ve erken okuryazarlık becerileri üzerindeki etkisinin ve bu beceriler arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma grubuna sosyoekonomik açıdan risk altında olan 68 ve olmayan 64 çocuk dahil edilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Okul Öncesi Öz-düzenleme Ölçeği, Akademik Yeterlik Ölçeği ve Erken Okur Yazarlık Testi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin normal dağılım özelliği Kolmogorov Smirnov testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde, MANOVA, tek yönlü varyans analizi, Pearson korelasyon katsayısı ve Basit Doğrusal Regresyon testleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, risk altında olan çocukların olmayanlara göre öz-düzenleme, erken akademik yeterlik ve erken okuryazarlık düzeylerinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde düşük olduğu ve risk altında olan çocukların bu beceriler üzerinde olumsuz etkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca öz-düzenleme becerileri ile erken akademik yeterlik ve erken okuryazarlık becerileri arasında ilişki olduğu; öz-düzenleme becerilerinin erken akademik yeterlik ve erken okuryazarlık becerilerini yordadığı belirlenmiştir., Families at socioeconomic risk do not have sufficient resources to support their children's development and education. For this reason, it is thought that children who are socioeconomically at-risk differ from those not at risk in terms of self-regulation, academic competence, and early literacy skills. This difference between children emerges in the preschool period. Comparing the self-regulation, academic competence, and early literacy skills of children at socioeconomic risk with those not at risk will enable the development of policies that will prevent children from falling behind. In this direction, the current study was aimed to determine the effect of 60-72 months old children's socioeconomic risk on self-regulation skills, early academic competence and early literacy skills and the relationship between these skills. The study group included 68 children at socioeconomic risk and 64 children who were not. Personal Information Form, Preschool Self-Regulation Assessment, Teacher Rating Scales of Early Academic Competence, and Test of Early Literacy were used as data collection tools. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the self-regulation, early academic competence and early literacy levels of the children at risk were statistically significantly lower than those who were not, and being at risk had a negative effect on these skills. In addition, it was determined thart there is a relationship between self-regulation skills and early academic competence and early literacy skills and self-regulation skills predicted early academic competence and early literacy skills.

It is possible to ensure the country’s food security only with the sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the economy, which, in turn, is impossible without a transition to an innovative way of agricultural development. Consistent implementation of import substitution practices, improving the quality and increasing the volume of products in the long term will allow the domestic agro-industrial complex to reach a new level of its development, it is also possible only with the widespread introduction of innovative technologies and tools, thereby ensuring a high level of competitiveness of domestic agricultural products. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the transformation of the agricultural sector of the Russian economy, which is taking place under the influence of increasing geopolitical risks, which should become a point of growth of the domestic agro-industrial complex, since, as practice shows, any economic crisis is replaced by economic growth subsequently. The aim of the study is to develop and test a methodology for determining the factors of sustainable development of the agricultural sector of the economy, based on the technology of data-mining and big-data analysis, and to conduct a subsequent assessment of trends in the identified factors.

Modern tax systems are characterized with the need for an economically justified and legally correct determination of the tax consequences of operations carried out in the context of the use of complex ambiguous models of contractual relations (business models). Taxation when using such models, as a rule, is accompanied by the need to conduct an analysis aimed at clarifying the essential economically justified reason of either the business model as a whole, or individual elements of the operations carried out, for example, the essence of certain payments made by the taxpayer or in his favor. The results of the preliminary analysis showed that one of the most relevant areas of research in this area is a set of issues related to the methodology for determining the customs value of goods as a basis for calculating customs duties. In some countries, it is one of the components of the tax base for value added tax and excise taxes paid as part of customs payments. At the same time, the study of both Russian and international experience shows the special significance of the scientific development of two directions in this area, namely: formation of methodological approaches to the concept of an actual buyer of goods, the customs value of which is determined; qualification based on the actual economically justified reason of individual payments, including those that are not formally included in the customs value of goods based on the principles formulated by the World Trade Organization. As part of the scientific development of the above questions, the results of which are presented in the article, the following research methods were used: analytical, graphic, generalization and economic modeling.

The functioning of domestic enterprises in modern conditions is becoming more complicated due to the sanctions imposed on Russia. Constant monitoring of the level of investment attractiveness of enterprises contributes, firstly, to identifying the most vulnerable aspects of the development of the enterprise and making management decisions to eliminate them; secondly, to attracting external investment for the further development of the enterprise. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for assessing the level of investment attractiveness of the electrical industry enterprises in the region and its application to the economic entities of the region. A comparative analysis of existing methods for assessing the investment attractiveness of enterprises is used to determine the initial indicators, considering the specifics of the activities of the enterprises under study. With the help of a component analysis of the selected 14 initial indicators, such as the coefficient of financial independence, the coefficient of financial stability, the coefficient of provision with own working capital, the solvency of the enterprise, the coefficient of current liquidity, economic profitability, net profitability, profitability of inventories, profitability of non-current assets, profitability of current assets, turnover of equity, turnover of inventories, turnover of accounts receivable, etc. turnover of accounts payable, a group of three enlarged and independent factors is identified. According to the method of potential functions, functional dependencies are determined both within the factors and the factors themselves, according to which the level of investment attractiveness of the leading enterprises of the electrical industry in the region is estimated. From the authors’ point of view, the weighting coefficients of the obtained potential functions can be used by the management of enterprises as levers of influence on the level of investment attractiveness of an economic entity, especially in the conditions of the economic crisis in the country and changes in the ruble exchange rate against foreign currencies.

The reserch explores multiple approaches to the term “new normality”, which appeared in the scientific economic community after the 2008 crisis, and became relevant again with the proclamation of a “new economic era” in China, the “entry” of the world community into the era of the Anthropocene, and the collision of the world with a problem of global significance - the COVID-19 virus. The relevance of the topic is also due to modern conditions: the turbulence of the world economy, which it has entered not only since the beginning of the pandemic, but also as a result of those “tectonic” shifts in the system of international economic relations that occurred after Russia launched a special military operation. The need to supplement and expand the term “new normality” comes from the questions: “If the term “new normality” or “norm” arises, then what is the “old norm”? In relation to what phenomena or processes is this term used and what is the set of definitions and approaches to it?”. The purpose of this article is to identify the main features of the “new normality” in the context of the growth and development phase that the Chinese economy entered in 2014, in particular. The “new normality” in Chinese is based on achieving a more diversified structure of the national economy, ensuring sustainable growth and a more even distribution of benefits. The etymology and development of the term “new normality” are considered. Despite the multiplicity of approaches, a single definition for the term in question has not developed, neither within the framework of economic science, nor within the framework of other areas. The prerequisites underlying the “new norm” in Chinese are analyzed in detail, including those that served as the basis for revising the country’s economic development model and implementing the model known today as the “double circulation” model. The author raises the question of the need to develop an approach to the term also in the key of current events, tectonic shifts in the world economy and the system of international economic relations, which, objectively, can be characterized as a “crisis” of the modern stage of the development of the world economy, known as globalization, or a transitional period, a transitional stage to a new, a completely different stage in the development of the world economy. The main conclusion of the study is as follows: the current stage of the development of the world economy, that is, globalization, is experiencing an acute phase of turbulence, which obviously began long before the last economic crisis of 2008. The events of the last few years show that the effects of globalization to a certain extent cease to justify themselves: increased international competition, increased protectionism policies and an increase in the number of trade disputes within the WTO, escalation of “trade wars”, COVID-19 and its impact on the entire system of international economic relations, disruption and restructuring of production and logistics chains, as well as the exit of TNCs from the Russian market as a result of a special military operation, all this indicates that the current stage of development of the world economy is now a transitional period not because of the effects and processes that occur under the influence of certain events, but because of the restructuring of the entire global economic and geopolitical architecture. All of the above, in turn, requires an adequate response from the economic schools in the form of the need to develop theoretical approaches to the question of the transitive nature of the current stage of the development of the world economy and the transition to another stage.

Under the impact of financial technology and digital currency, “central bank digital currency” has become an international hotspot in recent years and is also one of the current research and development priorities of China’s central bank. Preparations for China’s digital RMB began as early as 2014, and in 2017 China’s central bank clearly announced that it would fully issue the digital currency. The launch of the digital RMB is a major reform and innovation in the historical development of China’s currency. China’s issuance of a central bankdigital currency will help enhance the status of the People’s Bank, strengthen the effectiveness of monetary policy, improve macro-prudential management capabilities, and promote cross-border RMB payments, etc. Up to now, China has started pilot tests in some cities, such as Shenzhen, Xian, Chengdu Suzhou. Currently, China’s digital RMB has been tested for the public, with features such as unlimited legal compensation, moderate anonymity, national statutory, dual offline payment, no cost of transaction and centralized management. With the rapid development of scientific information technology and the intensification of international competition, the digitalization of currency has become an irreversible trend. The purpose of this study is to identify the practice of digital Yuan and its role in Chinese digital economy development. The discussion tasks of this paper can be summarized as follows. Clarify the definition of digital Yuan; assess the operational model of digital Yuan; evaluate the operating framework of digital Yuan; identify the features and merits of digital Yuan application. This research adopts case study of China CBDC and literature analysis methods to analyzed the concept, characteristics and design principles of digital RMB. Then it investigates the role of digital RMB for the development of China’s digital economy, which will provide an important basis for understanding and advancing the domestic research on the central bank’s digital currency. For example, digital Yuan plays a key role in facilitating data productivity, driving digitalization of public payment scenarios and opening a healthy digital economy system.

Contract manufacturing is gaining momentum in the pharmaceutical industry. Many pharmaceutical companies that do not have enough time and financial resources to build a fullfledged drug development chain transfer some or all phases of development and production to outsourcing. Today, many even large pharmaceutical companies transfer production to developing countries on a contract basis in order to reduce costs. However, despite a number of advantages of outsourcing, it is worth considering the rather significant barriers to the organization of contract manufacturing of medicines in developing countries. The article discusses the main difficulties in organizing contract manufacturing, primarily on examples from other science-intensive and capital-intensive industries. The study shows the similarity of the difficulties that arise when transferring this practice to the pharmaceutical industry. It is also emphasized that in the world of pharmaceuticals there is a growing trend towards the use of generic drugs. One of the undeniable advantages of their production is their economic availability compared to the originals, however, it imposes increased requirements on the contract manufacturer due to the importance of not deviating too far from the original recipe. The research revealed that countries such as China, India and Japan occupy significant shares of the pharmaceutical contract manufacturing market, including generics - primarily due to various combinations of low labor costs, capital and overhead costs (compared to the United States and Europe), tax incentives and, as a result, underestimated production costs. This circumstance is extremely important for the current situation in the pharmaceutical industry in Russia, which must simultaneously make up for the dropped import volumes of finished drugs, and at the same time speed up the stalled import substitution of a number of the most critical products. As a result and purpose of the study, it is possible to identify the identified barriers to speeding up the organization of pharmaceutical contract manufacturing of drugs necessary for the domestic market, to take them into account in the process of developing appropriate government measures.

New regulation of the operational risks established by Bank of Russia Regulation No. 744-P dated December 7, 2020 “On the procedure for calculating the amount of operational risk (“Basel III”) creates new opportunities for the banking sector for capital optimization to cover this type of risk. However, in recent years, financial operating losses (the damage from crimes committed in the credit and financial sector in Russia in 2021 exceeded 386 million rubles) confirm the fact that the risk from the realization of risks is more significant. The reasons are wide variety of the operational risks, high dynamics in the detection of new types, as well as their more secretive nature in detection with other risks, which has a sharply negative impact on the security of the bank. Nevertheless, the optimization is impossible without countering threats to economic security. In our opinion, the set conditions are best met by a risk-based internal control system within a particular credit institution. The Basel Committee underpin the need for building an internal control system based on the recognition and assessment of the risks assumed by the bank, and their relationship with the goals set for the credit institution. Thus, risk-based internal control system, which allows timely identification of shortcomings and violations in its activities, as well as prompt response to changes in the internal and external environment to prevent negative results, could provide such countering for the bank.

The research explores the main problems associated with the development and implementation of artificial intelligence technologies in human activities, as well as with the humanization of these technologies. In a broad sense, artificial intelligence is a set of algorithms and software systems that can solve some problems the way a person would do and differ in that they are amenable to learning. An analysis of the problems of introducing artificial intelligence technologies makes it possible to substantiate the main levers of state policy aimed at the development and integrated use of digital intelligent systems. The success of the introduction and dissemination of artificial intelligence technologies largely depends on the effectiveness of state regulation of this sphere, both at the state and supranational levels. The development of machine learning systems must necessarily include an ethical aspect and some restrictions, otherwise the rapid development of intelligent machines can lead to the collapse of human civilization. To avoid such a development of events, it is necessary to create a supranational system for regulating artificial intelligence. Thus, the object of study of this article is the use of artificial intelligence systems in various fields of human activity. The authors use content analysis, systemic, adaptive and synergistic methods. In addition, the authors apply modern statistics, empirical generalization and grouping.

The countries of South Asia are among the most densely populated on the planet. Active migration processes are observed in the region, which have an impact on the socio-economic development of countries. The statistical data and reports of the International Organization for Migration of the United Nations served as an empirical basis for studying the migration mobility of the population of the countries of South Asia. The study is based on information on the structure of emigration and immigration of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan in absolute and relative terms. For greater clarity, a cartographic method was used: author’s maps were created that reflect the specifics of migration processes in the countries of South Asia in terms of absolute and relative indicators. The scientific base concerning economic and social development of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan is systematized. The study revealed the specifics of migration flows in the countries of the region on the basis of statistical information on the emigration and immigration of citizens, calculated in absolute and relative terms. The factors influencing the migration mobility of the population are revealed. A retrospective analysis of migration processes in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan was carried out to identify similar and different features in their history that continue to influence the current migration processes taking place in the region. The reasons for the popularity of India among migrants from neighboring countries of South Asia are substantiated. The influence of the heritage of British India on modern interstate processes in South Asia is shown. The differentiation of intraregional and interregional migration flows in South Asia is analyzed. An assessment is made of the impact of migration processes on the socio-economic development of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The characteristics of the current features in the migration situation in the countries of South Asia are formulated.

The review is devoted to the assessment of the monograph by N.A. Volgina and Liu Pengfei “China in Global Value Chains”. Based on the input-output methodological approach and the principle of decomposition of gross exports, the authors come to a number of relevant conclusions that depict the dynamics of China’s participation in global value chains. Thus, the last decades have been characterized by uneven growth of Chinese domestic and foreign value added: domestic value added has grown at a faster rate than foreign value added, and its share in gross exports has gradually increased. At the same time, there has been a drop in China’s “participation index” in global value chains, and this decrease was developing at the expense of a decrease in upward participation. The “position Index” was characterized by a different trend: its slow growth from negative to positive values was observed, which reflected the fact that China’s income from value-added trade was increasing. The authors’ calculations show that there are differences in the dynamics of “indices of participation” of individual industries in value chains: the share of labourintensive industries is decreasing and the share of capital-intensive industries, primarily engineering, is increasing. For the first time in Russian economic literature, this monograph critically assesses the contribution of Chinese economists to the study of the formation of global and regional value chains in China. In the final part of the monograph, the authors point out the contradictory effects of China’s participation in global value chains, which include both the benefits and risks of such integration.

The research shows the change in the concept of food security from the Malthusian approach to its modern interpretation, based on four aspects of food security - availability, access, use and stability. It is shown that the growing problems with all forms of food security in the world are due not only to the growing number of conflicts, extreme weather events and economic shocks, but also to the increasing spread of inequality, which reduces the chances of achieving food security in the long term. It is substantiated that the four-component approach to the interpretation of food security does not cover the entire range of aspects that are important for its provision. The concept of freedom of action for food security, or the concept of food sovereignty, which emphasizes the right of peoples to determine their own food systems to secure their own livelihoods and access to culturally acceptable food, is a necessary condition for food security. It is concluded that the inclusion in the concept of a wider number of aspects, including subjectivity, such as independence in decision-making regarding one’s own food security or food sovereignty and sustainability of food security in the long term will contribute to rethinking current strategies and practices in the field of food security.

Structures formed by geological processes that occurred during the Early Cretaceous are preserved in large areas of the Fronteira Oeste Rift in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Among these areas, the Inhanduí Paleodune Field (IPDF), located in northeastern Alegrete, is part of the Botucatu paleoerg, the largest paleodune field in Supercontinent Gondwana. This area shows hundreds of circular and curvilinear dunes of silicified sandstone of variable sizes, which were covered by intraplate Paraná volcanic rocks. This field guide provides the information for a field trip from Porto Alegre, Brazil to two hills (Cerros) in the IPDF, Cerro Farrapo and Cerro Figueirinha. Important features formed by hot water, volcanic rock and sediment interaction are preserved in large outcrops in these hills, including extensive silicification and deformation of the buried dunes, injection of fluidized sand and explosive hydrothermal activity. Hydrothermal structures include preservation of subterranean conduits that emerged at the Earth’s surface to form surging hot pools, geysers and spouts. These features are preserved as bowls, rounded to polygonal cavities and prismatic and lozenge-shaped clasts and blocks. Access to the outcrops is mostly via paved roads, with 40 km in unpaved roads.

Mato Grosso do Sul has a significant area with Devonian outcrops containing fossils mainly of marine invertebrates, plants and, more rarely, fish fragments of the climax and impoverished Malvinoxhosan (= Malvinokaffric) fauna. Despite this, for a long time the state had a lack in studies related to the Devonian paleontology of the Paraná Basin, only gaining prominence from the 2010s onwards. Therefore, the objective of this work is to present a guide of the fossiliferous Devonian outcrops recognized so far in the state, which are located in the municipalities of Rio Negro, Rio Verde de Mato Grosso, Coxim and Pedro Gomes. The outcrops presented here represent a true geopaleontological heritage in situ. Divulge them is vital not only for their preservation, but also for the dissemination and appreciation of paleontological science among society in general.

The Montes Claros Karst is located on the eastern margin of the Bambuí Basin, one of the covers of the São Francisco Craton affected by the Brasiliano Event, which deformed the limestones of the Lagoa do Jacaré Formation, creating a westward folding system and a pair of fractures F1 (NNE-SSW) and F2 (WNW-ESE). These structures control the circulation of water in the limestone massifs, leading to the development of the Montes Claros karst. The main features of the karst landscape are caves, valleys, dolines and limestone massifs. The caves are the best place to observe the main sedimentary facies of the limestones of the Lagoa do Jacaré Formation, as well as sedimentary and deformational structures. The main controls of the cave conduits are the F1 and F2 fractures. These are the same directions described on a regional and local scale, which shows us that the structural control of the exocarst is the same as that of the endocarst. This geological field guide shows in a didactic way the main facies and sedimentary structures of the limestone of the Lagoa do Jacaré Formation, the deformational structures that favoured the karst formation and the typical karst morphologies in limestone rocks.

Among all type of batteries, Lithium Air Batteries (LAB) are considered to be the most effective due to their highest energy density of around 11900 Wh/kg but there are some major issues are being faced by LAB such as large overpotential, poor cycle life, low current density, and decreased energy efficiency. The solution to these issues is primarily dependent on the proper selection of an electrocatalyst. A new approach for using a bi-functional electrocatalyst produced excellent results. Here, Co3O4/α-MnO2 composite has been considered as a bifunctional catalyst because cobalt oxide performed well in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) process while manganese oxide performed well in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) process. A simple two-step hydrothermal process is used in this work to synthesize Co3O4/α-MnO2. This work focuses on the behavior of the composite electrocatalyst when varying percentages of Cobalt oxide (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) are deposited on the alpha-Manganese Oxide nanorods. The primary characteristics of each sample with different percentages of Cobalt Oxide are examined, and the performance of each sample is compared to one another. Several testing techniques like Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) are performed on the samples. The combination of cobalt oxide and manganese oxide showed a synergistic effect and work as a bifunctional electrocatalyst. As the percentage of Co3O4 deposited on the α-MnO2 nanorod increased, it behaves more like an OER electrocatalyst leading to a decrease in charging potential. This work will help in finding an optimum amount of Co3O4 that should be deposited on α-MnO2 nanorods to get an efficient (ORR/OER) bifunctional electrocatalyst.

This article is devoted to the analysis and processing of signals of inertial measuring modules used as part of inertial navigation systems or in research measuring complexes for conducting shock tests. The modules have a set of sensors for measuring the speed of the object, its orientation in space, the gravitational forces with which it moves, as well as the magnetic field surrounding it. Using the example of a typical inertial measurement module WT901SDCL, it is shown that the signals of acceleration, angular velocity, and angular position generated by the module have a certain fluctuation component, which deteriorates the accuracy of determining the estimated parameters, as well as to the appearance of an accumulated error in the determination of coordinates of the inertial navigation system. In such conditions, it is advisable to use secondary processing methods, namely, filtering methods. Since the information component of the signals of the inertial measurement module has significant dynamics, one of the key requirements for the filtering method is its preservation. However, a filter is also required to effectively suppress the fluctuation component. Among the currently existing filters, the filter based on discrete cosine transform (DCT-filter) has the best trade-off according to these requirements. It is shown that the use of this filter allows reducing the intensity of the noise component in the information signal by the average of 1.4 times the value of the mean square error and, accordingly, to reduce the measurement errors of physical parameters. Simultaneously, the shape of the signals after applying the DCT-filter remains almost unchanged, all sharp dynamic changes in the signal are preserved, and the absolute levels of the signals also remain the same. Thus, the use of DCT-filtering for signal post-processing in inertial measurement modules can be considered quite reasonable.

The problem of accelerating the process of designing aircraft gas turbine engines and their control systems, the system "AIRCRAFT-AVIATION ENGINE-FUEL", and forming the technical type of an aircraft engine, adapting to new operating conditions within the framework of experimental design bureaus (EDB) and the industry is using automated systems with low computing performance and incomplete description. Information technologies for developing engines allow duplication and mismatch of data, loss of information and time during transmission and processing for making parametric and structural decisions. To better adaptation of the characteristics of an aviation engine (AE) to the tasks solved by an aircraft in flight, it is necessary to integrate control systems. Integrated control systems are especially effective for managing today's multi-mode aircraft. On the basis of their control, optimal control programs for the power plant (PP) are formed using the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the aircraft. This article proposes a paradigm for building integrated control loops for an aircraft gas turbine engine, which can be formed by automating control processes, an automatic control system, and combined control programs. The objective of this research is the processes of constructing adaptive control loops for aircraft gas turbine engines. The subject of this study is the adaptive control of aircraft gas turbine engines using embedded control loops and CUDA architecture. The goal is to improve the dynamic characteristics of an aircraft gas turbine engine through adaptive control using control loops, considering various aircraft flight modes and engine operating modes. Objectives: to determine the main controllable elements of an aircraft engine, adjustable parameters and factors for constructing control loops according to the principle of adaptation; describe the mechanism of joint management of gas turbine engines; to study the processes of building an integration circuit "aircraft - power plant" and develop the concept of an integrated ACS; define the CUDA paradigm for parallel computing of control loops. Conclusions. The scientific novelty lies in the formation of a paradigm for developing adaptive control models for gas turbine engines, considering different aircraft flight modes and engine operation modes.

The systemic nature problem related to the simulation of the influence of military threats on the logistics chain of the supply of weapons and military equipment (spare parts for aircrafts, ammunition for rocket systems of volley fire, etc.) is being solved. Military threats can lead to logistical damage (destruction: airfields, bridges, railways, and highways, etc.), which is investigated in this paper. The relevance of the research is related to the systemic nature of the solution to the logistical problem. The occurrence of losses leads to the taking of preventive measures to reduce the level of critical vulnerabilities (for example, runways, ground equipment of airfields, etc.) of the logistical supply chain (for example, aviation) of weapons and military equipment under conditions of martial law. The study aims to create a set of models that will allow making a systematic analysis of the sequence of events associated with the emergence of a military threat in the logistics of the supply of weapons and military equipment: the appearance of a military threat – the emergence of critical vulnerabilities in the logistics chain – the appearance of logistical losses – the formation of preventive actions. The analysis of publications and studies on the logistics of military supplies with the identification of unresolved problems has been carried out. A model to analyze the criticality of vulnerabilities of the logistics supply chain, using the assessments of military experts and the planning of virtual experiments has been created. A model to analyze the causal chain: military threat – critical vulnerability – losses using qualitative assessments of experts in the form of linguistic variable values has been developed. The lexicographic arrangement of possible alternative ways to supply weapons and military equipment to the zone of military conflict is used. This made it possible to select a rational supply option to reduce possible logistical losses. The optimization model to reduce the level of criticality of vulnerabilities in the logistics supply chain to ensure the minimization of losses has been created. In this case, the time, risks and costs of carrying out the preventive actions under conditions of martial law are considered. An agent model to study the dynamic processes of moving forward the military cargo in the logistics supply chain, which helps simulate the occurrence of a military threat, the activation of critical vulnerabilities, and the appearance of possible logistical losses has been developed. The efficiency of the proposed approach is ensured by a systematic representation of the sequence of events on the emergence of a military threat, the activation of critical vulnerabilities, the appearance of logistical losses, which ensures the adoption of rational preventive actions to prevent the consequences of military threats. The scientific novelty of the study is related to the development of original models, which are based on the systematic presentation of the logistics chain of the supply of weapons and military equipment to the zone of military conflict under conditions of military threat to ensure that efficient preventive actions are done to minimize logistical losses. The results of the study should be used to plan the preventive measures to minimize possible losses and ensure military supplies under conditions of the risk of military threats.

The gas-liquid flow in the bearing chamber (BC) of the gas turbine engine is realized due to the interaction of the sealing air and oil supplied for lubrication and cooling of friction units. The complex nature of the flow movement is determined not only by the BC geometry but also by the presence of rotating elements and the manner of oil supply and flow removal. The most important result for the engineering practice of BC flow modelling is the determination of the heat transfer coefficient to the inner wall. The variety of influencing factors causes difficulties even at the stage of an integral mathematical model of the process formation, which makes it possible to determine this coefficient. As a result, significantly different approaches are used – from three-dimensional CFD modelling of a heterogeneous flow up to the use of a criterion equation that formally considers the effect of geometric and regime parameters on a heat transfer. The first approach requires significant computational resources, and certain difficulties arise in setting the initial and boundary conditions, especially in terms of droplet parameters. Homogeneous models somewhat simplify the problem, including when formulating the boundary conditions. However, all the effects of the influence of the droplet diameter are levelled. In both cases, the computation time is long, and the results of CFD simulations require selective experimental verification. Therefore, it is problematic to use this approach solely for engineering problems, as well as when generalizing experimental data in several regime parameters. When using the criterion equation, the calculation procedures are as simple as possible. However, dimensionless complexes do not ensue from the basic equations of heterogeneous media mechanics and do not consider the effects of interfacial interaction during heat transfer in the BC. Therefore, the possibility of the application of the proposed correlations for other BC geometries and oil and air supplying conditions also needs to be experimentally confirmed. This makes it problematic to use such correlations at the design stage of the BC and the oil system as a whole. The preferred approach for engineering practice is when the thermohydraulic processes in the BC are described on the basis of the proven equations of heterogeneous media mechanics with the transition to a two-dimensional problem by averaging the phase parameters along the axis. This averaging is justified by the fact that the main heat carrier from the core to the inner wall of the BC is the radial flow of droplets. In view of the low volume fraction of droplets, the Lagrange approach is used to simulate a two-phase flow in the BC core. The droplet parameters along the trajectory are calculated considering the interfacial interaction with the air. In this regard, the air velocity field is determined by considering the geometry of the BC, the flow through the seals and the shaft speed. Here, it is possible to consider not only the droplet polydispersity but also the effects of primary droplet reflection, the formation, and movement of secondary droplets during the formation of a near-wall oil film, the thermal resistance of which directly affects the value of the internal heat transfer coefficient.

The subject of study in this article is modern technologies, tools and methods of building AI systems as a service using FPGA as a platform. The goal is to analyze modern technologies and tools used to develop FPGA-based projects for systems that implement artificial intelligence as a service and to prepare a practical AI service prototype. Task: to analyze the evolution of changes in the products of leading manufacturers of programmable logic devices and experimental and practical examples of the implementation of the paradigm of continuous reprogramming of programmable logic; analyze the dynamics of changes in the development environment of programmable logic systems for AI; analyze the essential elements of building projects for AI systems using programmable logic. According to the tasks, the following results were obtained. The area of application of hardware implementation of artificial intelligence for on-board and embedded systems including airspace industry, smart cars and medical systems is analyzed. The process of programming FPGA accelerators for AI projects is analyzed. The analysis of the capabilities of FPGA with HBM for building projects that require enough of high speed memory is performed. Description languages, frameworks, the hierarchy of tools for building of hardware accelerators for AI projects are analyzed in detail. The stages of prototyping of AI projects using new FPGA development tools and basic DPU blocks are analyzed. The parameters of the DPU blocks were analyzed. Practical steps for building such systems are offered. The practical recommendations for optimizing the neural network for FPGA implementation are given. The stages of neural network optimization are provided. The proposed steps include pruning of branches with low priority and the use of fixed point computations with custom range based on the requirements of an exact neural network. Based on these solutions, a practical case of AI service was prepared, trained and tested. Conclusions. The main contribution of this study is that, based on the proposed ideas and solutions, the next steps to create heterogeneous systems based on the combination of three elements are clear: AI as a service, FPGA accelerators as a technology for improving performance, reliability and security, and cloud or Edge resources to create FPGA infrastructure and AI as service. The development of this methodological and technological basis is the direction of further R&D.

The subject of scientific research is the consideration of layout options and the possibility of placing a microwave radar on board a helicopter. The goal is to develop a methodology for creating a three-dimensional parametric model of the radar mounting system. The task is to develop an algorithm (sequence of steps) for creating a three-dimensional parametric radar mount model without making changes to the basic design and layout of an existing aircraft. The methods used are: methods of analytical geometry; methods of scanning three-dimensional objects; methods of three-dimensional parametric modeling using modern computer-integrated CAD\CAM\CAE systems in the context of existing assemblies. The following results were obtained. On the basis of the scanned point cloud, a parametric model of the nose of the aircraft was created, the area of additional equipment installed on the aircraft was determined, a microwave radar mounting system was developed, a three-dimensional model of the mounting system was made, and design documentation was developed for it. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is as follows: a general algorithm, stages of design and three-dimensional parametric modeling of the aircraft unit using the methods and principles of reverse engineering have been developed. The implementation of this algorithm, methods and principles of reverse engineering is presented on en example of the creation of a microwave radar mounting system on the F1 compartment of the Mi8-MSB1 helicopter. The work presents the stages of designing a platform for attaching a microwave obstacle detection radar to the frame of the F1 compartment Mi-8MSB1 helicopter, as well as the radar scanning zone during the flight.